Android: “something went wrong and you need to sign in again” loop

I recently had trouble setting up a Google workspace account on my Android phone.

Symptoms:
– The phone persistently displays “Something went wrong and you need to sign in again”. On clicking that, you get the same message again.
– The phone persistently displays “android account action required”. On clicking that, you get the same message again.
– You can’t set up that account with the Gmail app or Outlook for Android

The solution is to enable synchronization in the workspace Admin Console at https://admin.google.com/

Navigate to Devices -> Mobile & Endpoints -> Settings -> Universal -> and enable monitoring, endpoint sync, Android sync